Friday, 12 October 2012

Qualities of A Leader


Leaders are those who make good things happen. One of the best ways they do it is by giving people a reason to believe and to follow. I have come across many leaders throughout my life. Most of them have admirable qualities that I could follow while some actually taught me what should be avoided in order to become a good leader.
My parents set an excellent example on ways to lead the family while teachers, friends and bosses taught what leadership meant in a broader perspective. I consider myself lucky to be given the opportunity to become a civil servant right after completing my tertiary education. Now, after almost three years being in the service, I realise that a good leader is one who is able to bring out the best in others. It’s not telling people what to do, but it is more about guiding people and giving them the opportunity to get it done. 
In order to become a leader, one must first have the desire and passion towards the organization. Having the right leader is absolutely crucial. We can have the biggest mission or goal but without the right person to lead the team of people with specific skills to execute the strategies, we can never really achieve the goal. Before you can lead others, you must lead yourself. You need to know what you are made of. Character and conviction matter. What we do when we think no one is watching best defines our character. A good character may help us to get the job we are longing for but it is what we do with our character that matters. People of character are respected because they have earned it. One must also act the role of a leader by being present and available. Leaders set the right example. In truth, example is what counts most. It creates the foundation upon which trust can flourish. Our example is our character in action. Words matter; actions matter more.
I am particularly attracted to the servant leadership style which is a philosophy by Robert K. Greenleaf. A servant leader is someone who is servant first, who has responsibility to be in the world, and so he contributes to the well-being of people and community. A servant leader looks to the needs of the people and asks himself how he can help them to solve problems and promote personal development. He places his main focus on people, because only content and motivated people are able to reach their targets and to fulfill the set expectations
The Robert K. Greenleaf Center for Servant Leadership since 1990, has extracted a set of 10 characteristics that are central to the development of a servant leader. The characteristics are outlined below:
1.    Listening : Leaders are required to have communication skills as well as the competence to make decisions. A servant leader has the motivation to listen actively to subordinates and support them in decision identification. The servant leader particularly needs to pay attention to what remains unspoken in the management setting. This means relying on his inner voice in order to find out what the body, mind and spirit are communicating.
2.    Empathy : A servant leader attempts to understand and empathize with others. Workers may be considered not only as employees, but also as people who need respect and appreciation for their personal development. As a result, leadership is seen as a special type of human work, which ultimately generates a competitive advantage.
3.    Healing : A great strength of a Servant Leader is the ability for healing one’s self and others. A servant leader tries to help people solve their problems and conflicts in relationships, because he wants to encourage and support the personal development of each individual. This leads to the formation of a business culture, in which the working environment is dynamic, fun and free of the fear of failure.
4.    Awareness : A servant leader needs to gain general awareness and especially self-awareness. He has the ability to view situations from a more integrated, holistic position. As a result, he gets a better understanding about ethics and values.
5.    Persuasion : A Servant Leader does not take advantage of their power and status by coercing compliance; they rather try to convince those they manage. This element distinguishes servant leadership most clearly from traditional, authoritarian models.
6.    Conceptualization : A servant leader thinks beyond day-to-day realities. That means he has the ability to see beyond the limits of the operating business and also focuses on long term operating goals. A Leader constructs a personal vision that only he can develop by reflecting on the meaning of life. As a result, he derives specific goals and implementation strategies.
7.    Foresight  : Foresight is the ability to foresee the likely outcome of a situation. It enables the servant leader to learn about the past and to achieve a better understanding about the current reality. It also enables the servant leader to identify consequences about the future. This characteristic is closely related to conceptualization.
8.    Stewardship : Servant leadership is seen as an obligation to help and serve others. Openness and persuasion are more important than control.
9.    Commitment to the growth of people: A servant leader is convinced that people have an intrinsic value beyond their contributions as workers. Therefore, she should nurture the personal, professional and spiritual growth of employees. For example, she spends money for the personal and professional development of the people who make up her organization. The servant leader will also encourage the ideas of everyone and involve workers in decision making.
10. Building community: A servant leader identifies means to build a strong community within his organization and wants to develop a true community among businesses and institutions.
These 10 characteristics are by no means exhaustive. They should not be interpreted as a certain manner to behave and they do not represent the best method to gain aims. Rather every person shall reflect, if these characteristics can be useful for his personal development.
Tony Fernandes the CEO of AirAsia is rarely seen without his baseball cap, open-neck shirt and jeans, and he is proud that the firm’s lack of hierarchy which is very unusual in Asia. This means anyone can rise to do anyone else’s job. AirAsia employs pilots who started out as baggage handlers and stewards; for his part, Fernandes also practices what he preaches. Every month he spends a day as a baggage-handler; every two months, a day as cabin crew; every three months, a day as a check-in clerk. This servant leadership style is important in order to understand staffs as well as customers. It also helps to bring in more innovations as the leader is being able to look at things in a bigger picture.
I like to read management books and I believe it will help in enhancing my leadership skills. Howard Gardner authored a book titled “5 Minds for the Future”. One of the minds illustrated in the book is the Respectful Mind. A leader must have a respectful mind. As human beings, we must be readily accepting differences among us and genuinely respect souls around us. Many individuals in position of power achieved their status due to the ability to flatter and serve those who already occupy the position of authority. But these same individuals are seen to ignore those with lesser influence. The author noted this act as “kiss up, kick down” scenario. A truly respectful leader avoids thinking in group terms and remains open to the possibility that his judgment may not be correct all the time.
Another mind pointed out in the same book has attracted me as well. It is the Ethical Mind. Individuals designated as professionals and dressed up in exclusive suits may not act in a professional manner. They may cut corners, pursue their own interests and perform a compromised work. Ethical orientation begins at home. Children observe parents taking pride of their work, how they make decisions to maintain a family and even note adults playing games on whether the game is played fairly or they strive only to win. I was particularly attracted by a case example referred by the author about Abraham Lincoln. Since his childhood days till his campaigns for presidency, he strongly opposed slavery. Once in office, he did not rapidly move to ban slavery but focused on maintenance of the union. The reason was although he is naturally anti-slavery, he understood the presidency conferred upon him was to preserve and protect the constitution of the United States. He suspended his personal respect for individual of all races in order to fulfil his ethical place as the elected leader of the nation.
Apart from reading books, I also surf the internet for inspiring sources particularly on leadership. I actively follow posts by Robin Sharma, a leadership guru who has authored several books. Robin was a litigation lawyer before he left his job to look for the real meaning of life and soon he wrote his first book entitled “The Monk Who Sold His Ferrari”. I remember reading one of his posts on the importance of training people in an organization continuously. The Ritz Carlton, Nike, Amazon, IBM, KPMG and other organizations that consistently deliver near flawless execution around world-class customer service have one thing in common - Their management understands that money spent on training is not an expense but an investment. If the greatest resource of our organization is the people in it, then it only makes sense that our biggest investment should be in our people. Developing, growing and training them. The best organizations didn’t get to their positions by chance. As a good leader, we must not forget that the true worth of our organization are staffs that walks in through the front doors of the office every morning and leaves through them every night.
At the same time, development of skills should not be restricted to staffs but must extend to the leaders as well. A leader should be able to understand his team, motivate them in a manner that suits them best, communicate with them freely and chalk out a management plan that brings out the best in each one of them. While some leaders may be born with these skills, others may not. This is where the need for leadership training comes up. Moreover, even successful leaders can benefit from training. I take every other chance to attend trainings while at work. As civil servants, we are required to complete at least 7 days of training. It could be in the form of seminar, talks, lab sessions as well as courses. I carefully choose the trainings I plan to attend by discussing them with my colleagues and bosses. I believe apart from character, readings and having a mentor, continuous training will actually help in enhancing our leadership skills.
An impactful leader has to be knowledgeable and approachable. There are some things that need to be avoided in order to become a better leader. Firstly, a leader must be able to differentiate between the urgent and important. Some leaders rush about and pull others down with them, obsessed with the urgent rather than the important. The key is to set aside time on the calendar that is only for the important activities, and have the activities clearly prioritized so that when an urgent item is screaming at you, you can logically decide what important task can be set aside.
Weak communication skills may make us a weak leader. In this age of information overload, we have to communicate well, because staffs may not have fully taken in our message the first time. We have a huge range of communication technologies available; in-person discussions, written material, either in hard copy or electronic, audio and video. Leaders must use them, frequently and consistently. Too often, leaders ignore behaviour that concerns the organisation but is viewed as insignificant to worry about and unlikely to be repeated. But the behaviour is repeated, and then becomes tolerated, as the leader avoids conflict. The best time to provide feedback is immediately after the behaviour is observed. A leader must be clear about what is observed, the impacts, and ask for ideas from your employee about how they could approach it in the future. And then get their commitment to make the change. This process focuses more on the future as the past can’t be changed, only the future.
On the other hand, defining clear objectives is crucial as it provides a road map for staffs and if the staffs are involved in setting the goals, it becomes a map he or she is committed to. Without goals, staffs will not meet our expectations because they won’t know what they are doing. As leaders, we all must always remember that we can’t force motivation on someone. We must help employees to operate in an environment where their intrinsic motivation will flow. Following the model set out in Daniel Pink’s book, Drive, you must meet employee’s needs for salary and benefits, and then focus on three attributes that are the basis for intrinsic motivation; autonomy, a chance for mastery at something, and purpose.
If one is getting into a leadership role for the first time, the main thing to be kept in mind is that people do want to be lead. People don’t want to be lead in a way that causes them to feel badly about themselves, they want to be lead in a way that will enable them to grow, love their role and take full responsibility for their actions and results. People don’t mind being told when they don’t do something right, but don’t challenge who they are as a person, challenge the job that they did and show them that they are capable of doing better.
As a leader in any organization one must accept greater responsibilities to carry out the vision of the organization. As we develop these responsibilities our problem solving abilities increase because while our responsibilities increase so do the number of problems that will come across our desk. This happens because everyone else will look to us for our expertise and knowledge. Leaders have to have enough confidence to go forward against odds, and also have enough common sense to not go forward when there are dangers.
Most importantly, effective leaders do lead from the front, but the heavy lifting is done by the people in the organization. Leaders must show their faces but they must reflect credit for the hard work of people actually doing it. For example, when a product fails at launch, it is not the CEO who must spend long hours trouble-shooting the flaws in the system. It is the engineers on the line who do it. Yet when the problem is solved, the CEO must step forward and discuss the solution. That should provide an opportunity to cite the special effort of the team and the long hours they spent doing it. Being present does not mean hogging the limelight, it calls for sharing it, too.
I would like to end this article with a quote taken from the memento given to Capt. Thomas Vaughn, U.S. Naval Reserve. “A True Leader has the confidence to stand alone, the courage to make tough decisions and the compassion to listen to the needs of others. He does not set out to be a leader, but becomes one by the quality of his actions and the integrity of his intent. In the end, leaders are like eagles, they don’t flock, you find them one at a time.”
References:
Books:
1.    5 Minds For The Future by Howard Gardner
2.    Lead by Example – 50 Ways Great Leaders Inspire Results by John Baldoni
3.    How the Mighty Fall by Jim Collins
4.    7 Steps of Highly Effective People by Steven Covey
5.    Drive: The Surprising Truth About What Motivates Us, Daniel H. Pink
Online resources:
1.    http://EzineArticles.com/4571397
2.    http://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on business/careers/management/morning-manager/
3.    http://robinsharmaarticles.com/
4.    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leadership
5.    http://kbalbify.com
Sangeetha Tannimalay
Sidang B - DPA 1/2012

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